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The AutoML Snap automates the process of exploring and tuning machine learning models for a given dataset within the resource limit. A machine learning model is a mathematical representation of a real-world process that can be used to predict or solve a specific problem. For example, predict whether the customers are going to churn, predict whether the loan will be fully paid, or, forecast sales. To generate a machine learning model, you must provide training data to a machine learning algorithm to learn from. 

Currently, the AutoML Snap supports binary classification, multiclass classification, and regression. For each type of problem, the Snap provides a different set of metrics and reports.

Input and Output

Expected input

  • First input view: A document stream with classification or regression dataset.
  • Second input view: A document that contains a model built by an AutoML Snap from a previous execution.

Expected output

  • First output view: A serialization of a machine learning model, and metadata that are not human-readable. Additionally, the output includes a human-readable representation of the model if you select the Readable checkbox.
  • Second output view: A document that contains the leaderboard. All the models built by this Snap display in the order of ranking along with metrics indicating the performance of the model.
  • Third output view: A document that contains an interactive report of up to top 10 models. 

Expected upstream Snaps

  • First input view: A Snap that generates a classification or regression dataset. For example, CSV Generator, Mapper, or a combination of File Reader and JSON Parser.
  • Second input view: A Snap that offers documents that provide a model built by an AutoML Snap. For example, a combination of File Reader and JSON Parser. 

Expected downstream Snaps

  • First output view: A Snap that formats and saves the model. For example, a combination of JSON Formatter and File Writer.
  • Second output view: A Snap that accepts documents. For example, Aggregate, Mapper, or CSV Formatter.
  • Third output view: A Snap that formats and saves the report. For example, a combination of Binary to Document and File Writer.

Prerequisites

None.

Configuring Accounts

Accounts are not used with this Snap.

Configuring Views

Input

This Snap has at most two document input views.
OutputThis Snap has at most three document output views. 
ErrorThis Snap has at most one document error view.

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Snap Settings

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Label

Required. The name for the Snap. Modify this to be more specific, especially if there are more than one of the same Snap in the pipeline.

Label field

Required. The label/class/target field in the dataset. This is the field you will train the model to predict.

Default value: No default value

Example: $class

Time limit

Required. The maximum number of seconds for (OR up to) which the AutoML Snap can be run. If you set the Time Limit to 0, the Snap takes as much time as required to build N models, where N is the number you specify in the Number of models property.

Info
  • The Snap throws an error if it cannot build at least one model within the specified time limit.
  • If you validate the AutoML Snap, the Time Limit is set to 60 seconds, and the number of models is set to 5. If the value you enter is less than 60 or 5, the Snap uses the value that you specify. However, in execution mode, the Pipeline runs until it reaches the value set here.

Default value: 3600

Number of models

The number of models that must be included in AutoML. If you set the value to 0, the Snap builds as many models as possible within the time specified in the Time limit property.

Info
  • If you validate the AutoML Snap, the Time Limit is set to 60 seconds, and the number of models is set to 5. If the value you enter is less than 60 or 5, the Snap uses the value you specify. However, in execution mode, the Pipeline runs until it reaches the value set here.
  • For Weka, the Snap builds multiple models in parallel; so the number of output models may not be exactly as specified.

Default value: 10

Fold

Required. The number of folds in k-fold cross validation. 

Minimum value: 2

Maximum value: 10

Default value: 5

Engine

Required. The engine to be used. Select from the following options:

  • Weka
  • H2O

Default value: H20

Algorithms

Group of algorithms to be used to derive the best model. The Snap supports the following algorithms:

  • Standard
  • Tree
  • XGBoost
  • NN 

Default value: Standard, Tree, XGBoost, NN

For Weka engine, the algorithms that the Snap supports under each group are:

  • Standard: Logistic, Linear Regression, Naive Bayes, Naive Bayes Multinomial, Simple Linear Regression, SMO, SGD
  • Tree: J48, Decision Stump, Random Forest, Random Tree, REP Tree, M5P, LMT
  • XGBoost: Not available
  • NN: Multilayer Perceptron

For H2O engine, the algorithms that the Snap supports under each group are:

  • Standard: Generalized Linear Modeling, Gradient Boosting Machine
  • Tree: Distributed Random Forest
  • XGBoost: XGBoost
  • NN: Deep Learning
Readable

Select this to output the model in a human-readable format. When selected, a $readable field is added to the output, which displays the model in a readable format.

Default value: Not selected

Use random seed

If selected, Random seed is applied to the randomizer in order to get reproducible results

Default value: Selected

Random seed

Required. A number used as the static seed for the randomizer.

Default value: 12345

Report titleTitle for the report. 

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nameSnap Execution
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nameTemporary Files
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Example

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This Pipeline demonstrates how the AutoML Snap helps you train models with the H2O engine. 

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Expand
titleUnderstanding the pipeline

In this example, the input dataset contains a list of flowers and the length and width of their sepals and petals. The input document from the File Reader Snap is passed through the CSV Parser and Type Converter Snap. The Type Converter Snap is configured to automatically detect and convert the data types. The output preview of the Type Converter Snap is as follows:

This dataset is passed to the AutoML Snap, which is configured as follows:

In the AutoML Snap, we specify the Label field as $class, which is the flower name. We set the Time limit to 3600 seconds and we set the Number of models to 10. The Snap will try at most 10 models within the 3600 seconds time limit using the H2O engine. We select Standard, Tree, XGBoost, and NN as the set of algorithms to be used to derive the best model.

The Snap is configured for three output views. The first output view displays the model, the second output view displays the leaderboard, and the third output view displays the report. The leaderboard and report contain statistics of the models built during the process.

The first output preview of the AutoML Snap displays the summary of the model, the metadata, and the model in a serialized format. This output can then be passed to a Predictor (Classification) Snap to derive predictions or you can use this model as an Ultra Task to provide REST API to an external application.

The second output preview of the AutoML Snap displays the Leaderboard. The first row with rank 1 is the best model.

The model output of the AutoML Snap is converted to JSON using the JSON Formatter Snap and then passed to a File Writer Snap. You can pass this model as the second input view of the same AutoML Snap in subsequent executions of the Pipeline. This guarantees that you get a model that is as good as the best one from the previous execution. 

The leaderboard output of the AutoML Snap is converted to CSV using the CSV Formatter Snap and then passed to a File Writer Snap. 

The third output preview of the AutoML Snap displays the report. The report is passed to a Document to Binary Snap and then to a File Writer Snap where you can save and download the report in HTML format. The preview of the report in HTML from the File Writer Snap is as follows:

Click New tab to view the report in a new tab where you have more space to see the details.


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